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Spathoglottis plicata

Blume (1825)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Asparagales Family: Orchidaceae Genus: Spathoglottis

Malayan ground orchid, Philippine ground orchid

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Erect, terrestrial perennial herbs 3-15 dm tall, pseudobulbs crowded along and obscuring rhizome, ovoid, 2-4(-6) cm long, completely surrounded by the persistent fibrous leaf bases.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. 2-6 per pseudobulb, conspicuously plicate, linear-lanceolate, 20-150 cm long, (0.8-)2.5-8 cm wide, veins conspicuously raised on lower surface, margins entire, apex narrowly acuminate, base long-attenuate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in erect, racemose inflorescences arising from the pseudobulb, 1.5-15 dm long, bracts green to greenish purple, erect, becoming reflexed with age. Flowers bisexual (perfect) dark purple to pale pink or rarely white. Sepals and petals similar, spreading, elliptic to elliptic-ovate, 1.5-2 cm long. Petals Labellum distinctly 3-lobed, lateral lobes erect or ascending, linear-obovate, 0.8-1.2 cm long, middle lobe horizontal or ascending, distinctly clawed, 1.2-1.5 cm long, the calluses 3-4 mm high, deeply 2-lobed, the lobes bright yellow with pink markings. Stamen 1, adnate to and surrounding the style forming a column, column dark purple to white, narrowly clavate, 12-15 mm long, slightly winged along lateral edges near stigma. Ovary inferior, 3-carpellate; rostellum thin, 1-1.5 mm long.

Fruit: Capsules cylindrical; 6-ribbed; 3.5-4 cm long.

Ploidy: 2n = 18; 40; 42; 60

Habitat: In open; disturbed; usually grassy areas in mesic to wet forest.

Elevation Range: 0–640 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Water/Ocean
Wind

Vegetative Reproduction

Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 401 (1825)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1476 (K, O, Mo, L, M, H); Staples & Herbst 2005:736 (DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Spathoglottis plicata Lihue Dist.; Wailua, Lihuekoloa Forest Reserve, along jeep road to irrigation intake dam on North Fork of Wailua River Preserved_Specimen Terrestrial orchid with red-violet flowers. Herbst, D.R. 5550 Kauai BISH 1975-11-17
2 Spathoglottis plicata Kokee; Kalalau Trail Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 893 Kauai BISH 1963-03-10
3 Spathoglottis plicata Nuuanu valley, near upper resrevoir Preserved_Specimen Erect, flr magenta. Fosberg, F.R. 27087 Oahu BISH 1946-09-22
4 Spathoglottis plicata Peahinaia Ridge; 1st heli-pad mauka of Puu Peahinaia Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 1256 Oahu BISH 1976-11-13
5 Spathoglottis plicata Koolau Mts.; Punaluu Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 34 Oahu BISH 1929-11-30
6 Spathoglottis plicata Puna; Kamaili, 1955 lava flow Preserved_Specimen Doty, M.S. 19664 Hawaii BISH 1962-04-19
7 Spathoglottis plicata Along Castle Trail (#41 of Forest Reserve trails & summit trail #34) Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6054 Oahu BISH 1969-09-06
8 Spathoglottis plicata Koolau Mts.; Pupukea-Kahuku Trail Lower forest. Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.H. Oahu BISH 1933-02-19
9 Spathoglottis plicata Pupukea region Preserved_Specimen Nitta, K. 8117 Oahu BISH 1929-01-01
10 Spathoglottis plicata Kalihi; Bishop Estate Nursery Preserved_Specimen Judd Jr., A.F. Oahu BISH 1930-11-12
11 Spathoglottis plicata Koolau Range; Puu Konahuanui. Tantalus trail Preserved_Specimen Nishimoto, M. Oahu BISH 1945-05-27
12 Spathoglottis plicata Windward side of northern part of Kalepa Ridge Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Kauai BISH 1977-07-20
13 Spathoglottis plicata Koolau Mts.; Laie Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.H. Oahu BISH 1933-11-17
14 Spathoglottis plicata Pupukea Forest Preserved_Specimen Bryan Jr., E.H. Oahu BISH 1934-08-01
15 Spathoglottis plicata Wailuku River Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH 1979-07-03
16 Spathoglottis plicata Koolau Mts.; Honolulu Forest Reserve, N of Honolulu. Manoa Cliff Trail Terrestrial in wet forest. Preserved_Specimen Flrs magenta. Lammers, T.G. 5314 Oahu BISH 1983-08-27
17 Spathoglottis plicata Punaluu Valley Grassy forehills. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 11141 Oahu BISH 1937-03-29
18 Spathoglottis plicata Waimano Trail 4.5-5 mi Rainforest. Preserved_Specimen Erect herb; flr purple. Bryan Jr., E.H. 1531 Oahu BISH 1941-03-23
19 Spathoglottis plicata Mapulehu Ridge Trail Established in open grassy slope. Preserved_Specimen Flr magenta pink, mesocotyl & 2 crests yellow, marked w/magenta pink. St.John, H. 23548 Molokai BISH 1948-12-27
20 Spathoglottis plicata Puna Dist.; Kikala-Keokea Homesteads In open Metrosideros forrest, common. Preserved_Specimen Flrs rose magenta. St.John, H. 22278 Hawaii BISH 1946-12-22
21 Spathoglottis plicata Punaluu Valley Dry gentle slope. Preserved_Specimen Nitta, K. 8116 Oahu BISH 1929-11-30
22 Spathoglottis plicata SE side of Makua Valley On dry grassy clay plain below forest. Only 1 seen. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8115 Oahu BISH 1932-01-03
23 Spathoglottis plicata Koolau Mts.; Ewa Forest Reserve, NE of Pacific Palisades, Manana Trail at end of Koko Mai Drive Dry grassy open ridge. Preserved_Specimen Flrs magenta. Lammers, T.G. 5334 Oahu BISH 1983-08-27
24 Spathoglottis plicata Kahana Valley 5% slope, clay loam. Preserved_Specimen Reedlike plant w/grasslike leaves. Elia, H.V.K. 3 Oahu BISH 1971-02-20
25 Spathoglottis plicata Pupukea; along forest trails 3% slope, red clay; semi-rain forest. Preserved_Specimen Small colorful herb. Smith, M. 12 Oahu BISH 1986-01-21
26 Spathoglottis plicata Pupukea-Kahuku Trail; Paumalu-Waimea Rainforest. Preserved_Specimen Baker, R.J. Oahu BISH 1933-02-19
27 Spathoglottis plicata Pupukea Ridge Clay soil, grassy area. Preserved_Specimen Perennial herb; alternate lvs. Guinto, J. 2 Oahu BISH 1986-01-21
28 Spathoglottis plicata Koolau Range; Palolo, Waiomao Valley Rocky branch of stream. Preserved_Specimen Flrs lavender. Nishida, T. Oahu BISH 1943-12-05
29 Spathoglottis plicata Haena Base of pali in wet gulch, among rocks. Preserved_Specimen Flrs purple. Earle, E. 15 Kauai BISH 1972-06-04
30 Spathoglottis plicata Koolau Range; Castle Trail, Kaluani Alongside stream. Preserved_Specimen Nakata, S. 22 Oahu BISH 1945-10-21
31 Spathoglottis plicata Puu Aalii Roadside weed, sparingly naturalized. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 28584 Lanai BISH 1963-09-14
32 Spathoglottis plicata East Maui, along Hana Hwy. Abundant on grassy shoulders & cut banks. Preserved_Specimen Flower magenta. Herbst, D.R. 776 Maui BISH 1967-12-13
33 Spathoglottis plicata Kahana Valley area; along foot trail across Kahana Stream dam & going up ca. parallel to stream Open grassland. Common. Preserved_Specimen Blue flrs. Herat, T. 134 Oahu BISH 1972-08-13
34 Spathoglottis plicata Lyon Arboretum; Middle Lawn makai, opposite Cottage F Steep road bank. Fairly open, well drained. Preserved_Specimen Flrs reddish-purple. Baker, R.F. 94 Oahu BISH 1975-04-26
35 Spathoglottis plicata Mt. Tantalus, trail along NE slope Common in open areas. Preserved_Specimen Flrs purple. Crosby, M.R. 1343 Oahu BISH 1964-06-13
36 Spathoglottis plicata Pupukea Highlands 15% slope, loam with Eucalyptus, ferns, grasses. Common in forest areas. Preserved_Specimen Low plant w/lavender flrs. Brandow, C.T. 12 Oahu BISH 1967-02-18
37 Spathoglottis plicata Laie Falls Hilly, clay/loam; open fields Preserved_Specimen Long narrow lvs, 1 major stem w/purple flrs. Ziegelbauer, K. 19 Oahu BISH 1975-02-18
38 Spathoglottis plicata Pupukea 35-40% slope, loam. Preserved_Specimen Shrub. Flrs purple; lvs parallel veination. Kamae, K.K. 9 Oahu BISH 1967-02-18
39 Spathoglottis plicata Kahana Bay, Near Puu Piei Arid, grass-covered slopes. Preserved_Specimen Common; population flowering & fruiting. Takeuchi, W.N. 107 Oahu BISH 1984-03-11
40 Spathoglottis plicata Hoomaluhia Botanical Garden Terrestrial orchid. Preserved_Specimen Tepals purple. Miller, J.S. 7896 Oahu BISH 1992-08-02
41 Spathoglottis plicata Kahana Valley Open grassy slope near mouth of valley. Preserved_Specimen Flrs purple. Herbst, D.R. 4017 Oahu BISH 1974-05-23
42 Spathoglottis plicata Kipapa Trail, just over 1 mi from boundary, next to N side of trail disturbed wet lowland forest; Metrosideros, Acacia, Dicranopteris Preserved_Specimen medium orchid; flower light purple pink, throat of labella pink and yellow striped; fruit elongate ellipsoid Reynolds, L.S. 185 Oahu BISH 2006-06-29
43 Spathoglottis plicata Lower Nanawale Forest Reserve. Transect C, off of R.R. ave Common on roadside. Occurs occasionally inside the forest. Found on well drained `a`a, in association with Nephrolepis, Psychotria, Rubus, Oplismenus hirtellus. Preserved_Specimen Croft, L.K. 790018 Hawaii BISH 1979-02-22
44 Spathoglottis plicata Koolauloa Dist. Pupukea Forest Gleichenia brush. Preserved_Specimen Grant, M.L. 7150 Oahu BISH 1934-08-01
45 Spathoglottis plicata Nuuanu valley, near upper resrevoir Grassy earth embankment along road. Preserved_Specimen Erect, flr magenta. Fosberg, F.R. 27087 Oahu BISH 1946-09-22
46 Spathoglottis plicata Lyon Arboretum; Middle Lawn makai, opposite Cottage F Steep road bank, fairly open, well drained. Preserved_Specimen Flrs reddish-purple. Baker, R.F. 94 Oahu BISH 1975-04-26
47 Spathoglottis plicata Waikane Abundant on hillside. Preserved_Specimen With fruit. (Not on sheet) 32 Oahu BISH 1963-11-02
48 Spathoglottis plicata Punaluu Valley; base of Pig-God Trail In deep grass on sunny, rather dry clay slope. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8114 Oahu BISH 1931-08-05
49 Spathoglottis plicata Punaluu Valley; base of Pig-God Trail In deep grass on sunny, rather dry slope. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8113 Oahu BISH 1931-05-31
50 Spathoglottis plicata Kahana Bay, Near Puu Piei Arid, grass-covered slopes. Preserved_Specimen Common; population flowering & fruiting. Takeuchi, W.N. 107 Oahu BISH 1984-03-11
51 Spathoglottis plicata Koolau Range; Kapalama Valley Dry grassy ridge. Preserved_Specimen Ground orchid, 0.5 m tall. Kuykendall, J.R. 19 Oahu BISH 1942-11-01
52 Spathoglottis plicata Koolau Range, 47-285 Pulama Rd., Kaneohe, Senator Fong's Plantation and Garden with Schefflera and Schinus; lowland mesic forest Preserved_Specimen pseudobulb; flowers purple Annable, C.R. 3041 Oahu BISH 1996-09-24
53 Spathoglottis plicata Punaluu Open woods. Preserved_Specimen Flrs rose-pink. St.John, H. 10076 Oahu BISH 1929-11-30
54 Spathoglottis plicata East Maui, Waihoi Valley, mid-valley, Transect one On stream bank w/Sphenomeris. Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 19 Maui BISH 1972-04-15
55 Spathoglottis plicata Kahoaea, Haiku. Ridge of Hoaryhead Range off road from Lihue to Lawai, near Koloa Road junction Dry, scubby area. Preserved_Specimen Flrs pink-magenta; frt cylindrical. Stone, B.C. 734 Kauai BISH 1955-06-15
56 Spathoglottis plicata Kaneohe; slopes above Haiku Plantation Volcanic soil. East exposure. Preserved_Specimen This is very small specimen, lvs normally ca. 2' long. Stemmermann, R.L. 408 Oahu BISH 1973-07-23
57 Spathoglottis plicata Lower Nanawale Forest Reserve. Transect C, off of R.R. ave Common on roadside. Occurs occasionally inside the forest. Found on well drained `a`a, in association with Nephrolepis, Psychotria, Rubus, Oplismenus hirtellus. Preserved_Specimen Croft, L.K. 790018 Hawaii BISH 1979-02-22
58 Spathoglottis plicata Punaluu Only among Odontosoria chinensis. Preserved_Specimen Meebold, A. Oahu BISH 1932-05-01
59 Spathoglottis plicata S. Hilo Dist.; Waiakea, by radio facility behind Leleiwi Point Preserved_Specimen Terrestrial orchid w/purple flrs. Herbst, D.R. 5304 Hawaii BISH 1975-05-19
60 Spathoglottis plicata Kalaupapa; Waikolu, upper W edge of valley Preserved_Specimen erect, terrestrial perennial herb Wysong, M.L. 470 Molokai BISH 2004-11-22
61 Spathoglottis plicata within Halepuaa Forest Reserve in the Puna District near Kapoho Preserved_Specimen The plant averages from .5 to 1 meter in height. Clarke, G. 79.201 Hawaii BISH 1979-03-07
62 Spathoglottis plicata Waimalu Psidium grove. Preserved_Specimen Grant, M.L. 7344 Oahu BISH 1934-09-09
63 Spathoglottis plicata Kanaele Swamp (Wahiawa Bog) Preserved_Specimen Flrs lavender. Wagner, W.L. 4990 Kauai BISH 1983-08-27
64 Spathoglottis plicata Honolulu, Top of St. Louis Hts, Waahila Trail Preserved_Specimen Ca. 3 ft ht, flowers purple, capsules present. Kennedy, B. 29 Oahu BISH 1995-12-15
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